Saturday, October 23, 2010

Command line "" and "-" symbol represents the meaning of



If the end of the line is that it is not our end, the following line, and the Bank was a means.

- Is the option to start a letter option generally used - at the beginning, a number of letters to use - at the beginning.

"" If after the carriage return, line feed, then do not be omitted; But if the other characters, it can not be omitted.

"" Tell the system followed by the characters as intended, not an order.

For example there is the file name with spaces, it is necessary add a space before the "."







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Wednesday, October 20, 2010

Murdoch: News online payment mode will take



According to News Corp. CEO Rupert Murdoch said at the four local time this week, he will not make all of the online version of "The Wall Street Journal" content free of charge.

At 5.6 billion U.S. News Group

Dollars to buy a few weeks after the Dow Jones, Dow Jones had already started to open up some previously need to pay to access content. But the news Rupert Murdoch in the "World Economic Forum" is a meeting that will continue to exist in this respect certain restrictions.

According to Rupert Murdoch, said the real contents of specialization offers the best view, this part will remain a paid service. WSJ.com is this site one of the most successful premium content, the annual cost of 99 U.S. dollars.









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Wednesday, October 6, 2010

Great friends with the compatriots in Taiwan noted connected with the download tool



Chat software, download software, antivirus software must have software installed ... kind words, in our view, is another common, however, because we normally use the computer process, these utilities are essential. So in Taiwan and Taiwan, computer users have installed the software What are commonly used it? From the recent Taipei International Computer Show (COMPUTEX TAIPEI 2009) gave us the answer. For example, in regard to Taiwan's most popular download software introduction, we saw the FOXY and FlashGet figure.

1, a native of "Foxy" software

"FOXY" Taiwan is a "local made" specifically for fast search and download MP3 music downloader, the latest version is 1.9.8 version. Of course, in addition to downloading music search, but also use it to find and download movies, pictures, documents and other formats, software interface shown in Figure 1.

In the software interface on the left we can clearly see its feature set items, so this software is very easy to use. Can directly enter the search keyword in the top left of the interface to search, you can also navigate through the contents of its home page to search for download (the home page navigation content for the time being only the games, software, resources). In the search results you can view and search keywords related to all resources, including video, audio, double-click to download, and shown in Figure 2. Option is set to run the software key is simple, just provide the option to customize the download directory changes. More emphasis on the desire to use the software effectiveness Cikuan spirit.

"FOXY" is a P2P software, download resources, so it more depends on end-sharing software to set the "share" function key, can bring the machine to share out the resource directory; Download my speed is displayed in the lower left corner of the software. In general, the larger software simple and efficient feature is; but because they do not limit the number and speed of download, completely free, so the island is very popular.

Second, "the successful invasion" flashget

"Express" to download the software that is installed on the mainland must-have software, powerful download fast and free, the latest version of FlashGet 3.1; because the software also supports multi-language interface, including the traditional Chinese version, the Express software very popular in Taiwan.

Cikuan software resources include a variety of search methods, either through the software's "resource center" to quickly find popular download resource, can also enter a keyword search on their own. When to start the download, you can download the interface shown in Figure 4 to view the download speed, task attributes and other related information; especially the "video preview" feature that can help users determine in advance to experience poor quality video or look under the edge fun; download is complete can be left "to complete download" are classified under the appropriate find, if you download a lot of resources, the software also provides downloadable resources worry local search function.

Express software in Taiwan and Taiwan became popular, and it should be multi-protocol support, and powerful download download management inseparable. In addition to the above described "video preview" features, the "resource detector" are also more attractive, because this feature can easily download all kinds of hidden resources page.

PS: Express software would not have said, we generally in use; mainland users can install using the "FOXY" software, the Internet provides a simplified version to download. It should be noted, however, because this software is based on P2P technology and users are mostly people in Taiwan, so the resources through its download speed is not very satisfactory. If you prefer the pursuit of speed, that it was honestly the Express software. Ha ha







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Wednesday, September 29, 2010

OO, OO later, and the limit


1, What is software development?

Software development process is the use of various computer languages to the real world people are concerned about the process of mapping to the computer world;

Now the mathematical theory is based on computer by the computer's pedigree, the famous Turing proposed in 1937, Turing machine model. Then less than a decade, computer was born (1945). (Ainiyake)

We all know that it was one of the main tasks for the missile trajectory calculations. At that time software development (software development if you can call it) and now very different. In order to count a problem, there must first complete the personnel and other kinds of operations, Math as building block components take up as if for a title, then these parts should be unbundled, according to the new requirements to re-build, low efficiency (and now more than).

Modern computer architecture and the actual calculation model from von. Neumann thought. In 1946 he and his colleagues found that the Ainiyake defects, issued a report, presented a program into memory, sequential thinking so that when considered only when a Xinti taking to change the computer The program's "soft" approach.

British scientists Wilks von achieved. Neumann's ideas, leading development of the "Yikesake" technically 姣斿焹灏间簹鍏?came a big leap.

Therefore, it is often called the von computer. Neumann computer.

History of software development from the official start.

Early programmers used machine language to program operations; with the compiler technologies, people have designed many higher-level language; the language out of the complicated details of the machine language, closer to people's natural language, growing in popularity years. According to statistics, at least over the world thousands of high-level language, but from the perspective of computability, computing power they are equivalent to Turing machines. Have shown that a computer language, as long as Chuliao assignment also involves the sequential statements, conditional statements and loops, it's computing power that is equivalent to Turing machines. Here of course, exclude other technical factors, such as program length, number of variables and data accuracy.

Because the idea is the Turing machine is transformed into one step by step 鎸?rule execution machinery Qiujie process whereby various Jisuan Ji Ye Buguodushi Mouzhongxingshi language language, so the process of Shizhi Shang Jiu Shi Kai Fa software programmers are the problem Yu of the objective world formal process. Programmers to first create the problem model (formal), and then to the appropriate computer language expression, and finally entered into the computer in the calculation.
2 from PO (process-oriented) to OO (object oriented)

From the discussion of the previous section we know:

Software development process is the use of various computer languages to people concerned about the real world (problem domain) is mapped to the process of the computer world; the following diagram:

鈫?real-world problem domain modeling (using a modeling) 鈫?Programming (using a programming language) 鈫?Computer World Executive Solution

Before talking about OO, let us review the history of high-level language.

Some of the earliest high-level language was born in 1945, is the German translation of his Chu Z-4 Computer Design Plan Calcul, than the first electronic computer was early months; in the first computer to achieve a high-level language is U.S. Younifake company in 1952 successfully developed Short Code; and truly promote the use of which is still popular in the United States first high-level language of computer scientists Backus design, and in 1956 IBM's first computer FORTRAN language implementation.

Early high-level language is mainly used in scientific and engineering computing, FORTRAN and their representative works ALGOL60. Computer after entering the field of business and administration, appeared to facilitate the business community such as COBOL and RPG language. In recent years, such language and database technology, graphical interface technology (Visual Programming), object-oriented thinking and RAD (Rapid Application Devolopment) the concept of combining to form a group of more convenient use of the so-called fourth-generation language (4GL), such as Powerbuilder, Delphi, VB, etc..

The former group used a large-scale scientific and engineering calculations are relatively more basic language, and therefore more flexible and wider range of applications. In FORTRAN, BASIC (learning), the since the 70s, the module features more obvious, easy to use, reliability of the PASCAL meteoric rise, widespread in the world. But 80 years into the future, its status has gradually replaced a more practical C language. Now, C language has the equivalent status of a "high-level assembly language" of the.

Late 80's, began to surface of object-oriented languages, C + + using the C language with a large team of programmers, in one fell swoop established its dominance of object-oriented language. OO thinking to the formal rule of the entire software development industry. C + +, made popular even 80 years from the U.S. military began to vigorously support the Ada language and the promotion will not end in failure.

After 90 years, the computer is turned upside down the world changes, the original single platform for in WEB, "The Network Is The Computer", the new language only if the OO's, Visual, and even if the WEB-based. INTERNET Java language, by the east wind, turned out to night popular in the world, change the speed is breathtaking.

These changes, the surface is a different programming tools to changes in the city of the first King of the flag, but behind it is reflected in a more profound changes in epistemological, that is what your point of view to understand the world? In the PO, the programmers of the problem domain, get a PO model, in which common words are variables, functions, procedures, etc.;

PO: the real world 鈫?Flow (variable, function) 鈫?PO language 鈫?Executive Solution

In OO, the OO programmers to get a first model, in which common words are classes, objects, methods, news, etc.;

OO: the real world 鈫?class diagram (object, method) 鈫?OO language 鈫?Executive Solution

We can see that:

PO closer to the physical realization of the computer world; OO is more consistent in people's understanding of habit;

If the software crisis is rooted in the expression of people understanding the process of (constantly repeated, gradually deepening), and von. Neumann realization of the computer (the order of execution) there is a huge gap between, then from the PO to mean that this gap OO gradually reduced;

OO thinking and as a programming language for software development of the entire process - from analysis and design to coding - provides a complete solution. OO is a software development called milestone achieved great success, people were all applauded!

A reference to OO, we will think of C + +, smalltalk, simula, associate Use Case, ROSE, Mr Jacboson and Rational firms, but few people will Wittgenstein (Wittgenstein). However, it is the legendary philosopher, not only for the first time clearly expressed OO thinking, further referred to what happened afterwards OO, and the final limit lies.

In the current review of this fast-changing times and really thinking about the sage's thought, might enable us to more clearly, more clearly a long road ahead.

3 Wittgenstein (Wittgenstein) and OO

Wittgenstein is the history of philosophy in this century and even the human one of the greatest philosophers. Just before his death in 1922 he published a book - "Tractatus" (Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus). In the book, he described a world view, or a kind of understanding of the world's point of view, this view, 67 years later, and finally precipitated by a philosophy to the technical level up, as the computer industry darling, this is the "OO", Object-Oriented, object-oriented or object-oriented (RTHK term).

Let us touch on something far away, (which may touch on really well the point), to talk about this man, talk about his "Tractatus," a book of OO thinking.

Interested in Western philosophy friends all know the history of philosophy in the West twice a profound shift occurred. The first was from the "ontology" to "epistemology" in turn; The other was from the "epistemological" to the "Methodology" turn.

Ancient Greek and Roman era philosophy, known as the "ontology" of the times, when philosophers are most concerned about is the origin of the world, namely what the world is composed? What is the nature of the world? Explore the world and so these fundamental issues. From Thales's "All Things are water" to the "four elements" that "atomism", to Plato's "absolute idea", are on this issue put forward their own views.

The impact of the Christian faith with power (Jewish tradition) and the secular forces of the political despotism (Roman tradition), the concept of God to make conclusive answer to this question, dissent will have life-threatening, that is so Bruno was burned to death. Of course, Christianity has made a number of outstanding philosophers, who inherited the Greek rational tradition, a mixture of biblical ideas, construct a magnificent Christian philosophy. Their representatives are Augustine and Thomas. Aquinas. Aquinas has proposed five ways to prove the existence of God (the Greek rational tradition).

After the Middle Ages, with the rise of the Renaissance, people began to get out from under the shadow of God, and found its own role, that human value. To Descartes "I think therefore I am" marked the beginning of philosophy by "ontology" to "epistemology" change; this period of philosophy concerned with understanding human problems specific to their focus on the different schools often鍒嗕负鈥滃敮鐞嗚鈥濆拰鈥滅粡楠岃鈥濓紝鍓嶈?娉ㄩ噸鐞嗚婕旂粠锛屼互绗涘崱灏旂瓑浜轰负浠h〃锛涘悗鑰呭垯娉ㄩ噸鎰熻鍜岀粡楠岋紝浠h〃浜虹墿鏄礇鍏嬶紝鍩规牴绛夈?

銆??绉戝鍏跺疄灏辨槸铻嶅悎浜嗏?鍞悊璁衡?鍜屸?缁忛獙璁衡?鐨勯暱澶勮?鍙戝睍澹ぇ鐨勩? 鏃㈠己璋冭瘯楠屽拰瑙傚療锛岃繍鐢ㄥ綊绾虫硶锛屼篃閲嶈鍒╃敤鏁板鍜岄?杈戜粠褰掔撼鐨勭粨鏋滃嚭鍙戯紝鏋勯?鐞嗚妗嗘灦锛屾紨缁庡嚭鏂扮殑绉戝瀹氱悊銆?br />
銆??鍒颁簡搴峰痉浠ュ悗锛屽挨鍏舵槸鏈笘绾垵锛屽摬瀛︾殑鏍稿績闂寮?鐢扁?璁よ瘑璁衡?杞悜鈥滄柟娉曡鈥濓紝鍝插鍏冲績鐨勬牳蹇冮棶棰樻槸璁よ瘑濡備綍瀹炵幇鐨勯棶棰樸?杩欎竴鏃舵湡锛屽摬瀛﹀浠紑濮嬭璇嗗埌璇█瀵逛簬浜虹殑璁よ瘑鐨勭壒娈婂湴浣嶏紝浠栦滑绾风悍浠庣爺绌惰瑷?嚭鍙戞潵鐮旂┒鍝插銆?鍏朵腑鐢氳嚦鏈変簺浜烘瀬绔殑璁や负浠ュ墠鐨勬墍鏈夊摬瀛﹂棶棰樹笉杩囨槸璇█鐨勯棶棰樿?宸层? 銆??鍝插鐨勮繖娆¤浆鍚戞湁鏃朵篃琚О涓烘槸鈥滆瑷?殑杞悜鈥?锛屾柊鐨勫摬瀛﹁鐐硅鍐犱互鈥滆瑷?摬瀛︹?鎴栤?鍒嗘瀽鍝插鈥濈殑鍚嶇О銆?br />
銆??鈥滆瑷?摬瀛︹? 鐨勫彂灞曠粡鍘嗕簡涓や釜闃舵锛屾垨鑰呰鍙互琚繘涓?鍒嗕负涓や釜瀛︽淳锛氣?閫昏緫鍒嗘瀽娲锯?鍜屸?鏃ュ父璇█娲锯?銆傜淮鐗硅窡鏂潶鐨勫紩浜虹灘鐩箣澶勫湪浜庯細浠栧湪鍓嶆湡鎸侀?杈戝垎鏋愮殑瑙傜偣锛屽悗鏈熷垯鎸佹棩甯歌瑷?殑瑙傜偣銆?br />
銆??鎬荤粨涓?笅涓婇潰璁鸿堪鐨勮鐐癸紝鐜板湪鎴戜滑鐭ラ亾:

銆??瑗挎柟鍝插鐨勫彂灞曪紝缁忓巻浜嗕袱娆″彉闈╋紝涓?鏄璇嗚杞悜锛涗竴娆℃槸璇█杞悜锛涚涓?杞悜浣垮摬瀛︾殑鍩虹浠庢湰浣撹鍜屽舰鑰屼笂瀛﹀彉涓鸿璇嗚锛屼粠鐮旂┒瓒呴獙鐨勫瓨鍦ㄧ墿杞埌鐮旂┒璁よ瘑鐨勪富浣撳拰涓诲浣撳叧绯伙紱绗簩娆¤浆鍚戞妸瀵逛富瀹綋鐨勫叧绯荤殑鐮旂┒鍙樻垚浜嗗涓讳綋闂寸殑浜ゆ祦鍜屼紶杈鹃棶棰樼殑鐮旂┒銆傛妸瀵逛富浣撶殑鐮旂┒浠庤蹇靛拰鎬濇兂鐨勯鍩熻浆鍒颁簡璇█鐨勯鍩?璇彞鍙婂叾鎰忎箟)锛涜繖涓ゆ杞悜鐨勪唬琛ㄤ汉鐗╁垎鍒槸绗涘崱灏斿拰缁寸壒璺熸柉鍧︺?
銆??涓嬮潰鏄淮鐗硅窡鏂潶(Wittgenstein)鐨勫皬浼犮?

銆??缁寸壒璺熸柉鍧?889骞寸敓浜庣淮涔熺撼銆?闈掑勾鏃舵湡鐨勬暀鑲查鍏堜娇浠栨垚涓轰竴鍚嶈埅绌轰笓涓氬伐绉戠爺绌剁敓锛?908-1911锛屾浖褰绘柉鐗广?23宀佹椂浠栧埌钁楀悕鐨勫墤妗ュぇ瀛﹀涔犲摬瀛︼紝鎴愪负缃楃礌鐨勫鐢熴?鎹缁寸壒璺熸柉鍧﹀綋鏃舵涓鸿嚜宸辨湭鏉ョ殑鍙戝睍鏂瑰悜鎰熷埌杩疯尗锛屽伐绉戣繕鏄摬瀛︼紵涓?ぉ鏅氫笂浠栧甫鐫?嚜宸辩殑涓?簺鎵嬬(鏉傛劅涔嬬被鐨勪笢瑗?鏉ユ壘缃楃礌锛岃缃楃礌璇讳竴涓嬶紝鐒跺悗鍒ゆ柇鑷繁鏄惁鏄鍝插鐨勬枡锛屽鏋滀笉琛岀殑璇濓紝灏卞噯澶囧嵎閾虹洊璧颁汉銆?缃楃礌鎷胯捣浠栫殑鎵嬬锛屽彧鐪嬩簡澶翠竴鍙ヨ瘽锛屽氨鍧氬喅鍦板浠栬锛屼綘涓嶅鍝插澶彲鎯滀簡涔嬬被鐨勮瘽銆?缁寸壒璺熸柉鍧﹁繖鎵嶅潥瀹氫簡鎶曡韩鍝插鐨勫喅蹇冦?

銆??鍦ㄧ涓?涓栫晫澶ф垬鏈熼棿(1914-1918)锛岀淮鐗硅窡鏂潶鍙傚姞濂ュ湴鍒╁啗闃燂紝鍚庢潵琚繕銆?姝f槸鍦ㄨ繖娈垫椂闂撮噷锛屼粬瀹屾垚浜嗚嚜宸辩殑鎴愬悕浣滐紝銆婇?杈戝摬瀛﹁銆?Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus)銆?璇ヤ功浜?922骞翠互鑻辨枃鍑虹増锛屾槸浠栫敓鍓嶅嚭鐗堢殑鍞竴鐨勪竴鏈憲浣溿?

銆??鍦ㄨ繖鏈功涓紝缁寸壒璺熸柉鍧﹂槓杩颁簡鑷繁鐨?amp;quot;閫昏緫鍘熷瓙璁?amp;quot;鐨勫摬瀛﹁鐐癸紝鎴愪负璇ュ娲剧殑浠h〃浜虹墿涔嬩竴銆?鍏朵粬钁楀悕鐨勨?閫昏緫鍘熷瓙涓讳箟鑰呪?鍖呮嫭缃楃礌锛屾?娴风壒锛屽紬闆锋牸绛夈?璇ヤ功鐨勫嚭鐗堝紑鍒涗簡鍝插鐮旂┒鐨勬柊鏂瑰悜銆?br />
銆??瀹屾垚杩欐湰涔﹀悗锛岀淮鐗硅窡鏂潶璁や负鑷繁宸茬粡瑙e喅浜嗘墍鏈夌殑鍝插闂锛屼簬鏄粬灏辩湡鐨勬斁寮冧簡鍝插锛屽厛鏄綔浜嗕竴涓姳鍖狅紝鍚庢潵浣滀簡涓?悕灏忓鏁欏笀銆?闇?璇存槑鐨勬槸锛屼粬瀹跺緢瀵屾湁锛屼絾浠栦富鍔ㄦ斁寮冧簡瀵瑰法棰濋仐浜х殑缁ф壙鏉冿紝鑷効杩囦竴绉嶆湸绱犵畝鍗曠殑鐢熸椿銆?br />
銆??澶х害10骞寸殑鏃堕棿锛岀淮鐗硅窡鏂潶鑴辩浜嗗摬瀛︾晫銆?浣嗗悗鏉ワ紝浠栧鑷繁鍦ㄣ?閫昏緫鍝插璁恒?涓〃杩扮殑鍝插鐨勫彲闈犳?浜х敓浜嗘繁娣辩殑鎬?枒銆備簬鏄紝鍦?929骞翠粬閲嶆柊杩斿洖鍓戞ˉ锛屾垚涓轰笁涓?闄㈢殑鑰佸笀銆?939 骞翠粬寰楀埌浜嗘暀鎺堢殑鑱岀О銆備絾鍦ㄧ浜屾涓栫晫澶ф垬鏈熼棿锛屼粬鍗翠互涓?悕鍖荤敓鐨勮韩浠戒负鍐涢槦鏈嶅姟銆?947骞寸淮鐗硅窡鏂潶浠庡墤妗ラ?浼戯紝瀹氬眳浜庣埍灏斿叞銆傝繖涓?椂鏈熶粬瀵瑰摬瀛︾殑鎬濊?褰㈡垚浜嗕粬鍚庢湡鐨勫摬瀛︽?鎯炽?1949骞翠粬鍘讳簡瓒熺編鍥斤紝褰撳勾鍥炴潵鏃朵笉骞歌韩鎮g檶鐥囷紝1951骞村湪鐗涙触涓庝笘闀胯緸銆?br />
銆??姝诲悗锛屼粬鍚庢湡鐨勬?鑰冭鏁寸悊鍑虹増锛屻?鍝插鐮旂┒銆?Philosophical Investigations)锛屻?鍏充簬纭畾鎬с?(On Certainty) 绛夌瓑锛屽紑鍒涗簡璇█鍝插鐮旂┒鐨勫彟涓?釜鏂扮殑鏂瑰悜銆?br />
銆??浠ヤ笂鎴戠綏閲岀綏鍞嗭紝涓昏鏄粙缁嶄簡缁寸壒璺熸柉鍧﹀湪鍝插鍙蹭笂鐨勫湴浣嶏紝鍙婂叾棰囧叿浼犲鑹插僵鐨勪竴鐢熴?鍏翠箣鎵?嚦锛岃澶у瑙佽皡銆?br />
銆??涓嬮潰鎴戜滑杩涘叆涓婚锛岃皥涓?皥銆婇?杈戝摬瀛﹁銆?鍙婂叾涓〃杩扮殑OO鎬濇兂銆?br />
4. OO after that?

First, the history of software engineering perspective

1969 NATO meeting, the "software crisis" has become the focus of attention. To meet the challenges of software crisis, people have made unremitting efforts. These efforts generally along the two directions simultaneously. First, from a management point of view, hope for software engineering development process. The most famous results in this regard is the proposal we are familiar with the "waterfall" life cycle model. It is the end of the 60s "software crisis" after the first life cycle model. As follows.

Analysis 鈫?design 鈫?code 鈫?Test 鈫?Maintenance

Later, it was for the model, we propose a rapid prototyping, spiral model, fountain models of the "waterfall" life cycle model is added. Now, they practice in software development is widely used.

These efforts, but also to create awareness of the standards and the development of the document between the developer and the means of communication between users of the importance. Some important document format standards are finalized, including variables, symbols, naming rules and norms of the original code format.

It is worth mentioning that in the developer between the developer and the means of communication between users in this regard, since the emergence of Internet provides a new means of communication, but also created a new Internet-based development way, that is OSS (Open Source Software). The representative works of Linux (operating system), Apeche (web server), Sendmail (Mail server) and so on. OSS is a very promising way of developing the tide of development by the Internet, it will inevitably produce the entire software development model is difficult to gauge the impact. The recent special issue of IEEE Software Engineering will feature plays out a special issue. January 1999 will be held on the Linux / OSS in the international seminar. Various computer companies have to react, Microsoft is aware of the tremendous threat from the OSS, presented at the end of August an internal confidential document, specifically put forward their own coping strategies, can be called Rain Comes from Wind . All interested parties had an interest.

Software engineering, the second direction of development, focusing on software development and analysis, design research methods. This is the first important result of the rage in the 70 years of structured development methods, that PO (process-oriented method of development or structure of words). PO is the people using computers in the world to express the real world, the pursuit of the process, then, modular, encapsulated, and more abstract results. People use computers to map real world, the lowest level of implementation is simply generated by digital circuit technology high and low signal. Expressed in mathematical language is a binary string such as 010101000010111. This is a very low level of abstraction, from a natural language, most people can not understand. One block of these binary string definition proposed byte, ASCII, so the concept of a higher level of abstraction, so that corresponds to the natural language of a letter. On the basis of re-using some form of language, abstract variables, expressions, operators, statements and so on. At this level, generally trained programmers have been less pain can be compared to the software developed. Next abstract arises PO. In the PO, the people's attention is how to function and process to achieve real-world simulation, will be mapped to the computer's world. OO this is the increasing level of abstraction of the natural process of development results, it uses the concept of classes and objects, the variable and the variable operation functions and procedures package together, with this higher level of abstraction to express the objective the world. Typically, an object contains properties and methods, which corresponds to natural language in a meaningful term to describe the real world an object (physical entity) or concepts (abstract entities). This level of abstraction as shown below:

Level of abstraction in the computer world

* XO (X?-Oriented) the highest level of abstraction
* OO (object, class)
* PO (procedures, functions, variables)
* Variables, operators, expressions, statements
* Bytes (4, 8, 16, 32, 64)
* Binary string 0101011110001 lowest level of abstraction

From the graph, and the above discussion we know that the history of software engineering is that people continue to pursue higher level of abstraction, encapsulation and modularity of history. OO certainly not the end of history. Although not precisely what followed by OO, at least we can infer, OO after the XO, will inevitably be a higher level of abstraction than the OO. It must rely on the core concepts and inclusive than the concept of the object. As the object above and inclusive of the function and variable.

Second, from Wittgenstein, "Tractatus," a book of thought view

Before we know, Wittgenstein "Tractatus," a book put forward the following ideas:

* The world can be divided into facts (The world divides into facts.)
* The fact is that the atomic facts (atomic facts) composition.
* An atomic fact is that more than one object (objects) combination.
* Object is a simple (basic) The Object is simple.
* Objects forming the basis of the world.

Namely: the fact that the world --- ---- ---- atomic fact objects a whole to local, from the abstract to the concrete understanding of the chain. At this level, the object as a basic module, constitute the entire understanding of the cornerstone of the building. Objects through the association between the complex constitute the entire world. This view is also the cornerstone of object-oriented theory. The period of our analysis of the world through computer draw, OO, after development, will produce a higher level of abstraction than the OO concepts for programming. According to Wittgenstein's ideas can be very naturally to the conclusion: this concept is the fact (FACT). Object-oriented after the fact-oriented, OO followed FO (Fact-Oriented). So, what is a fact (fact)? Let us again remind ourselves of Wittgenstein's point of view.

First of all, the world is the sum of all the facts. The world can be broken down as a fact. Any fact or is true or not true. (That fact should return a Boolean variable, or TRUE, or FALSE)
Secondly, the fact that those who really are the atomic facts (atomic facts) composition.
Atomic facts and the relationship between simple objects like this: an atomic fact is that more than one object (object) combinations. In atomic facts, objects connected in some way identified. Atomic facts in a way to interconnect the fact that the structure of atoms. In other words, the fact is the structure of atoms, this structure is Wittgenstein as a real-world model (form).

Here, Wittgenstein put forward several important concepts: the facts (fact), atomic facts (atomic fact) and mode (form).

If the above reasoning is correct, we will come to the conclusion: object-oriented (OO) is for after the fact (FO), fact-oriented (FO) analysis, design and programming, we will mainly focus on facts (fact), atomic facts (atomic fact) and mode (form) of these basic concepts to organize our software development activities. In recognition of the hierarchy of the world, these concepts than the object (object) and class (class) a higher level of abstraction.

5. The final limit

If, after OO FO, then of course we have to ask, FO after what? Later on Which? Is there a final limit? If so, what limits? This is a very difficult question, but let us continue to think and see what results can be, even though it may be very stupid and naive.

We know that software is essentially a computer programming language for the people to bridge the world of objective perception to the world map on the computer to solve the people in the world of objective perception problem to be solved.杩欓噷鐗垫秹涓変釜涓昏鐨勮寖鐣达細 銆??瀹㈣鎰熺煡涓栫晫--------璁$畻鏈虹紪绋嬭瑷?---------璁$畻鏈轰笘鐣?br />
(1) Computer World

In the computer world, it is conceivable that the unit area can be integrated on a chip always have a maximum number of transistors, Moore's Law to fail sooner or later. In addition, most computers are now used by Feng. Neumann architecture also needs to be a breakthrough. (Such as parallel computing research)

(2) computer programming language

Now the computer programming language, is some type of formal language. To solve a problem, we must first construct algorithms for it. That is, there is no algorithm for the problem, we are helpless. Such issues are as is "incalculable." Their solution can not by the Turing machine to produce. This is a limit we face.

With the algorithm as a problem, is not what will be resolved? Unfortunately, the answer is no. For NP (non polynomial) problems, especially NP complete problem, despite the algorithm, we are still unable to solve in polynomial time. The famous "Hamiltonian circuit problem" and the "traveling salesman problem" are all these problems.瀹冧滑鐨勫叡鍚岀壒寰佹槸锛屽綋闂鐨勮妯★紙鎴栧鏉傚害锛夌嚎褰㈠鍔犳椂锛岃В鍐宠闂鎵?鍖栫殑鏃堕棿灏嗗憟鎸囨暟涓婂崌锛屼互鑷充簬瀹冧滑灏界鐞嗚涓婃槸鍙眰瑙g殑锛屼絾瀹為檯涓婂嵈鏄笉鍙兘鐨勩?鍥犱负瑕佽姳璐圭殑鏃堕棿鍙兘宸茬粡瓒呰繃浜嗗畤瀹欑殑瀵垮懡銆傝繖涔熸槸鎴戜滑闈复鐨勪竴涓瀬闄愩?

銆??杩橀渶瑕佹寚鍑猴紝鐜板湪鐨勮绠楁満璇█浣滀负褰㈠紡璇█鐨勪竴绉嶏紝涔熷繀鐒跺叿鏈夊舰寮忚瑷?嚜韬墍鏈夌殑灞?檺鎬с?鏁板鐨勫彂灞曞彶涓婏紝鏇剧粡鏈変笁娆″嵄鏈猴紝绗笁娆″嵄鏈烘槸鏈夌綏绱犵殑涓?釜鈥滀蒋璋?寮曞彂鐨勬倴璁哄嵄鏈恒?涓鸿В鍐虫鍗辨満锛屽笇灏斾集鐗规彁鍑轰簡瀹忎紵鐨勫舰寮忓寲瑙勫垝锛屼紒鍥句娇鏁板涓?姵姘搁?鍦板浜庢棤鍙簤杈╃殑瀹夊叏鍩虹涔嬩笂銆傚彲鏄紝1931骞村ゥ鍦板埄25宀佺殑澶╂墠鏁板閫昏緫瀛﹀姝屽痉灏旀彁鍑轰簡涓?潯鍒掓椂浠g殑瀹氱悊锛岀矇纰庝簡甯屽皵浼壒褰㈠紡鍖栫殑缇庢ⅵ銆傚摜寰峰皵瀹氱悊鍚戞垜浠睍绀猴紝鍏悊绯荤粺鏈韩鐨勫崗璋冩?鐨勯檲杩板湪琚紪鐮佹垚閫傚綋鐨勭畻鏈懡棰樺悗锛屽皢鎴愪负涓?亾杩欐牱鈥滀笉鑳藉喅瀹氱殑鈥濅笉鑳藉喅瀹氱殑鍛介銆傛兂璞′竴涓〃杈惧紡鏃笉涓虹湡锛屼篃涓嶄负鍋囷紝瀹冪殑鐪熷亣瀵逛竴涓舰寮忕郴缁燂紙璁$畻鏈猴級鑰岃█瀹冩槸涓嶅彲鍒ゅ畾鐨勩?鍥犳鍦ㄨ繖鏂归潰锛屽摜寰峰皵瀹氱悊鏄垜浠潰涓寸殑鍙堜竴涓瀬闄愩?

(3)瀹㈣鎰熺煡涓栫晫

銆??鐜板湪璁╂垜浠亣璁捐蒋浠跺伐绋嬪凡缁忓彂灞曞埌浜嗚繖鏍蜂竴涓悊鎯崇殑澧冪晫锛屾湁涓?ぉ鎴戜滑瀹炵幇浜嗚嚜鐒惰瑷?紪绋嬶紝鏄惁灏变竾浜嬪ぇ鍚変簡锛熸崲鍙ヨ瘽锛岃嚜鐒惰瑷?槸鍚﹁兘寰堝ソ鍦版弿杩般?琛ㄨ揪瀹㈣鎰熺煡涓栫晫锛?銆??缁寸壒鏍规柉鍧﹀湪銆婇?杈戝摬瀛﹁銆嬮噷宸茬粡鎸囧嚭浜嗐?

銆??锛婁笘鐣岀殑鎰忎箟蹇呭畾瀛樺湪浜庝笘鐣屼箣澶栵紱
銆??锛婃樉鐒朵鸡鐞嗗鏄棤娉曡〃杩扮殑銆?浼︾悊瀛︽槸瓒呰秺鐜板疄鐨勶紱
銆??锛婂疄闄呬笂瀛樺湪鐫?笉鍙〃杈剧殑涓滆タ锛涜繖鏄剧ず浜嗗畠鐨勫瓨鍦紱瀹冩槸绁炵鐨勩?
銆??锛堣銆婇?杈戝摬瀛﹁銆嬬鍏妭锛?br />
銆??涔熷氨鏄锛屽閮ㄤ笘鐣屼腑瀛樺湪涓?簺鎴戜滑鍙互鎰熺煡鍗存棤娉曠敤璇█鏉ヨ〃杈剧殑涓滆タ銆?銆??浠栨帴鐫?锛?br />銆??鈥滃浜庨偅浜涗笉鍙█璇寸殑锛屽繀椤讳繚鎸佹矇榛樸?鈥濓紙Whereof one cannot speak锛宼hereof one must be silent锛?br />
銆??杩欏彞璇濓紝鎴愪负鎴戜滑鏈?悗鐨勬瀬闄愩?

銆??鍦ㄨ璁哄畬杩欎笁涓寖鐣翠腑鎴戜滑灏嗛潰涓寸殑涓昏闂鍚庯紝鎴戜滑鏈?悗鏉ヨ璁轰竴涓嬩汉鐨勪富瑙備笘鐣屽杞欢鍙婅蒋浠跺紑鍙戠殑褰卞搷銆?br />
6. 鏋侀檺涔嬪鐨勭┖闂?br />
銆??涓栫晫鍙互鍒嗕负涓昏鎯宠薄涓栫晫鍜屽瑙傚彲鎰熺煡涓栫晫锛屾垨鑰呰鏄唴涓栫晫鍜屽涓栫晫銆傚叾涓紝涓昏鎯宠薄涓栫晫鏄绠楁満浠庢湭娑夎冻鐨勭┖闂淬?杩欐槸灞炰簬鎴戜滑涓汉鐨勭鏈夌┖闂达紝鍏呮枼鐫?垜浠嚜宸辩濂囧彜鎬殑骞绘兂鍜岃捣浼忎笉瀹氱殑鎯呯华銆傚畠鍏锋湁鏋佸ぇ鐨勮烦璺冩?鍜屼笉纭畾鎬э紝甯稿父浠ョ洿瑙夈?鎯宠薄鐨勬柟寮忚繘琛岀潃鑷繁鐨勬椿鍔ㄣ?瀹冧滑閫氬父鏄瑷?墍涓嶈兘琛ㄨ揪鐨勩?

銆??灏界杩欎釜鍐呬笘鐣屾槸濡傛鐨勫鏉傘?娣蜂贡銆侀毦浠ユ崏鎽革紝浣嗗畠鍗存槸鎴戜滑涓庣敓淇辨潵鐨勪竴閮ㄥ垎銆?銆??鎴戜滑灏辨槸杩欐牱鐨勪汉銆?br />
銆??灏辨槸杩欐牱鐨勪汉浠庝簨鐫?蒋浠跺紑鍙戠殑宸ヤ綔銆?br />
銆??杩欐牱鐨勪汉寮?彂鍑烘潵鐨勮蒋浠剁┒绔熷湪澶氬ぇ绋嬪害涓婃槸瀵瑰瑙備笘鐣屼笉鎶樹笉鎵g殑鏄犲皠锛熻繕鏄繖涓槧灏勮繃绋嬪凡缁忚鎵洸鎴栨幒鏉備簡锛熻蒋浠跺紑鍙戣?鐨勮繖涓富瑙傛兂璞′笘鐣岋紝浠栦滑鐨勬涔愩?娌抚銆佸鎯炽?鎭愭儳銆佸笇鏈涚瓑绛夛紝绌剁珶鏄?鏍峰奖鍝嶇潃杞欢寮?彂鐨勮川閲忥紵

銆??浜轰滑鏄鐢ㄨ绠楁満鏉ュ鍒舵暣涓笘鐣岋紵杩樻槸鏉ュ鍒朵汉鏈韩锛?br />銆??浜轰滑鏄湪鎵紨涓婂笣鐨勮鑹插悧锛?銆??杩欐牱鐨勯棶棰樻垜瀹炲湪涓嶇煡璇ュ浣曞幓瑙g瓟锛岀敋鑷宠寰楁牴鏈棤浠庝笅鎵嬨?

銆??濡傛灉浣犺繕鏈夎冻澶熺殑鑰愬績璇诲埌杩欓噷锛岃浣犱篃鏉ユ兂涓?兂锛屽笇鏈涘畠浠笉浼氫娇浣犲ご鐤笺? 銆??:)

銆??鏈?悗锛屾垜灏嗗紩鐢ㄦ垜浠庣綉涓婂伓灏斿彂鐜扮殑涓?瘒鏂囩珷涓殑璇濅綔涓虹粨鏉熻锛?br />
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Tuesday, September 14, 2010

Breakthrough Nuggets Baidu Baidu PPC Union



"Internet traffic, only 4% of search traffic, the rest are browsing traffic, how can the latter further realized?" May 14, held in Sanya Baidu Union summit in the face from the country Hundreds of coalition partners, representatives, Baidu CEO Robin Li, chairman and threw out a question.

Robin Li said: As long as the remaining 96% of the cash flow of one-tenth or one twentieth, can bring considerable revenue. Robin Li said: Baidu Union is a platform for these cash flows.

Robin Li's plan is to use search platform Baidu liquidity, attracting more and more online media joined the alliance, which will search the media outside the flow of traffic into income, a gain in online media, while also achieving the appropriate profit Baidu .

Robin Li, Baidu Union in repeatedly stressed the role of the media platform, other than the flows of the underlying mining search, Baidu is quietly engaged in break away from PPC's "kidnapping" of gaining and preparation, Baidu Union, PPC advertising is a business not a perfect turn, before rapid growth, most likely starting point.

From the 4 million-400 million

Chose Baidu Union as a breakthrough, because of its staggering growth in revenue: Baidu alliance established in 2002, the year of membership is divided into only 4.13 million yuan, by 2008, that figure soared to 418 million, 6 years doubled 100 times, an average annual increase of 215%; which is divided into the year 2008 nearly 40 times in 2004, more than Baidu 2008 gross income is 30 times the growth rate in 2004.

Changes in the above figures, the proportion of the revenue Baidu Union, the rise year by year. This is the AdSense revenue share GOOGLE falling seems to form a sharp contrast.

According to statistics GOOGLE earnings over the years, AdSense proportion of total income in 2004 was 48% in 2005 -2008 were 44%, 39%, 35%, 31%, to the first quarter of 2009, the proportion of 30%.

Baidu Union cooperation network media play a vital role, but Baidu Union also include other carriers, software, Internet, operator.

Baidu Union, a broader meaning than AdSense. Among them, the software is a browser extension, video and audio player, download software personal user terminal, install Baidu's search plug-in; website promotion that online media alliances, Baidu ads on a variety of network media after the match, this ways the same pattern with GOOGLE's AdSense; cafes promotion refers to the Baidu search infiltration installed within the country's various Internet cafes; is the operator to promote mobile, telecommunications, Unicom, for mobile phone coverage of the interface.

To a Case Study in Internet cafes, Internet cafes channel for promotion of Baidu Joe Strong told reporters today, Baidu more than 130,000 Internet cafes in the country, already accounts for 100,000. Joe said: "The first Internet cafes in most of the young people account for the proportion of first contact with these people impressed by the search engines, they will become the main Internet users."

According to the latest CNNIC report, China's ratio of 39.2% and Internet cafes, Internet cafes become the second largest Internet site users, the current overall scale of China's Internet cafes Internet users has reached 9918 million.

Late last year, according to Analysys International's statistics, "Internet cafes are most frequently used search engine, the" Survey with 86.7% share of Baidu ranked No. 1.

Joe said this strong, Baidu in Internet cafes to promote the main promotion through Internet cafes and Internet cafes software alliance to promote two way service providers, which provide to the Internet cafe billing, network software such as the process dimension, embedded in Baidu's search engine, in by software service providers to bring traffic to generate revenue, Baidu and software service providers to share.

Promotion in the carrier, as the 3G's launch and the three major domestic carriers increased competition, Baidu has also accelerated the pace of cooperation. May 15, Baidu and Shanghai Unicom reached a 3G wireless search cooperation; in just the past 5.17 Telecommunication Day, Baidu and China Telecom's also the "Best Tone" reached a strategic cooperation, in accordance with the agreement, including the web, news , photos, paste it, know, MP3, etc., a Baidu search service will be integrated in a single software module, built in the "Best Tone" service platform.

The site media promotion, Baidu and AdSense are homogeneous model. Baidu's responsible for those who have not disclosed to reporters four kinds of ways to promote their respective share of income also declined to web media to promote the sharing ratio. According to media outreach site is divided into the total income of 1 / 4, light GOOGLE minimum 50%, the actual average ratio of nearly 80% of the share is estimated that Baidu last year obtained from the Web media to promote the income of about 125 million, which only last year, Baidu 3.2 billion of the total income of around 4%, far below the AdSense account for 30% of the total income GOOGLE ratio.

Proportion is still low, means that future growth of the space, Baidu only quietly to get rid of excessive reliance on the PPC as the status of a killer.

Realized that and paste it

Cai Hu, general manager of Baidu Union, said Baidu Union now has nearly 30 million customers, Baidu Media Alliance and the Alliance are more concerned about the media and customers docking, and a dedicated customer service to customers regularly submit performance reports for media analysis and advertising.

"Baidu Union, the future of another one worth a good dig, it's posted it and know." Cai Hu said.

With the bar and paste that information is increasingly becoming a tool for users to find the face of more and more "about Google, Baidu know" phenomenon, Baidu, vice president of commercial operations, said Shen Hao Yu, a feature of China's Internet is still currently online lack of a link is edited content, in fact a lot of useful information in everyone's mind, and people and very willing to contribute out of it and know the hot paste explain this pattern conforms to the user requirements.

Bar and know the content posted belongs to some 96% of non-searching, how about this part of the realization, Baidu also continued to explore. "This is part of a search behavior, and many are browsing behavior, we give some links to relevant content, sometimes it is accurate, but also put some ads, but relatively little piece of the world other than here in the realization of this search issue, not a good solution. "

Shen Hao Yu said that in this there are many places to explore, so that Baidu and media alliance partners benefit.

Marketing Reforms

Search Baidu Union, relying on cash flow than the same time, Baidu's brand advertising recovery, it has also become a positive dispersion PPC target.

According to friends, said Ye, Baidu's revenue growth this year, a big source of income is an old customer, Baidu's Dakehubu have framework agreements with brand advertising, part of advertisers last year, this year signed a framework agreement, in addition to many customers signed last year, was renewed this year, the framework of the signed up more than 60%.

In fact, Baidu in the renewal capacity of the customers began to strengthen. May 14 start, Baidu South China's Guangzhou, Dongguan, Shenzhen and other regions of the sales staff has a salary dispute and, some of the reasons is the signing of the testing standard as customers change, according to the relevant staff told reporters that in addition to the new appraisal standards increase the number of monthly signing, the customer's ability to do the required renewals.

In Baidu first quarter earnings release, Goldman Sachs analyst James Mitchell (James Mitchell) had asked to progress in the restructuring of the sales team.

Ye Peng said at the time, from the second quarter of last year, Baidu has taken several measures to improve the efficiency of sales, last year's second quarter sales to decrease in the number of employees, but on the other hand, Baidu is still concerned about the sales department strategic investment opportunities, particularly in the training.

May 14, Ye Peng told reporters, Baidu's operating system is constantly updated and adjusted, even though sales have been declining, but this has nothing to do with the 2007 compared to this effect is to optimize the organizational structure, Baidu will adjust the operational structure, but not exclusively, by the industry, such as the former three have now become four, the other is to adjust and avoid sector, improve staff efficiency.







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Thursday, July 29, 2010

Cool Flash Mouse particle effect


Effect Description:
Effect, the flashing around the jet to the particles continuously. When moving the mouse, the flashing particles will move along. The effect is mainly through the use of random numbers Math.random () to change the film _x, _y coordinates property, _alpha value of property to achieve transparency.

Design:
Open Flash MX, set the scene of the size 400px 脳 180px, black background, frame rate to 25fps. Shown in Figure 1.



Figure 1

First, design elements

1. New pressing the shortcut keys Ctrl + F8 a "particle" of the movie clip components.

2. Pressing the shortcut keys Shift + F9 to open "Color mixer" panel, shown in Figure 2 set. Among them, the color of the slider 5 are (from left to right): # FAFAFA, # FDFD11, # FBF26D, # F60000, # 240000. When the mouse into the way shown in Figure 2, click the left button you can add a slider. Hold down the slide pull panel, and then release the left mouse button, you can remove the slide.



Figure 2

3. Click the toolbar's "Emulating" tool, not sideline, shown in Figure 3. Then in the "particle" component to the scene pulled out a circle, the diameter is about 100px on it. Then again and again out of four small ray-like ellipse, shown in Figure 4.



Figure 3, Figure 4

4. Pressing the shortcut keys Ctrl + A in the "particle" elements in the scene to Select All, then click the "Edit" menu in the "optimization" command, or pressing the shortcut keys Ctrl + Shift + Alt to open the "most optimal curve" panel on the curve optimization, shown in Figure 5 set. Set up and click "OK" button. Under normal circumstances we must carry out this operation on the device to optimize the file.



Figure 5

5. New pressing the shortcut keys Ctrl + F8 a "particle animation" movie clip components. Then pressing the shortcut keys Ctrl + L open library, the library "particles" drag and drop components to the "particle animation" component section 1 of the scenes. Click the first one in the "particle" component, and in the "Properties" panel to it from the instance named "particle", shown in Figure 6.



Figure 6, Figure 7

Click on the layer 2 frame, press F6 key to insert a key frame. Pressing the shortcut keys Ctrl + T to open "deformation" panel, the first one in the "particle" size component is set to the original 25%, as shown in Figure 7. And then the first two in the "particle" size component is set to 200%.

6, click the "particle animation" long scenes in the first one, press F9 to open "action" panel, enter the following code:

/ / Change the "particle" component of the transparency and coordinates
particle._alpha -= 2;
particle._x + = Math.random () * 100 - 50;
particle._y + = Math.random () * 100 - 50;
Then click on the first two, according to F9 to open "action" panel, enter the code "gotoAndPlay (1);". In the code, Math.random () * 100 is taken between 0 to 100 a random number, when the random number is less than 50 times, minus 50 components of the coordinate value is negative. In this way, "particle" component will appear in the mouse left and right, but not always in the right side. If multiplied by 200, will have to subtract 100.

Second, design the main scene

1. Back to the main scene. Click the first one, according to F9 to open "action" panel, enter the following code:

i = 0;
Mouse.hide ();
Code "Mouse.hide ()" The role of the hidden mouse.

2. Click on the main scene in the first two, press F6 key to insert a key frame. The components from the library, "Particle Animation" drag and drop to two of the scenes and in the "Properties" panel to it from the instance named "part_mov". Then select the "particle animation" component, open the "deformation" panel size is set to 10%.

3. Click on the first two, according to F9 to open "action" panel, enter the following code:

/ / Copy the "particle animation" video components
i + +;
if (i> 20) (
i = 0;
)
duplicateMovieClip ("part_mov", "part_mov" + i, i);
this ["part_mov" + i]. _x = _xmouse;
this ["part_mov" + i]. _y = _ymouse;
Code "this [" part_mov "+ i]. _x = Xmouse" role is to assign the current mouse coordinates to the "particle animation" x-coordinate. Statement duplicateMovieClip () role is to copy movies.

3. Click No. 3, F6 key to insert a key frame, then F9 to open "action" panel, enter the code "gotoAndPlay (2);".

Effect here is complete.






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Wednesday, July 21, 2010

Talks like a child (I)



Pure, clever, passionate. We talked about children, the mind think of all these terms. But there is a group of words also apply to them: stubborn, determined, high-handed, there are winners.

If you want to debate anything to do with the kids, they are often the final victory, but the parents will be defeated. Many parents will say to yourself: "I am afraid we now have to go downstairs to the child's toy elephant brought it, because we will finally agreed to go get the."

Indeed, the child is the world's best negotiators.

So what will this child be the parent you want to consistently accommodate the situation is how this happen? Several successful manager of a 40 people do not know how things will be lost to a four-year old Mao Haizi it? More importantly, the adult How to control children who possess the skills that it shocking?

Why in the negotiations on the children skills so superb, we do not have a single explanation. More reasonable because, under the specific circumstances they will use different techniques, including most of us have already been abandoned in some social shameless ploy.

The following are some children's negotiation skills, if you can, almost can be done time-tested.

Tips 1: bad temper

Bad temper is the most basic negotiation children wrist. Noise is often the most vicious people can get what you want. Just think of Walt Disney's Eisner (Michael Eisner) and Microsoft's Bill Gates (Bill Gates) on this hard to understand. The two are notoriously violent temper, but get whatever I wanted.

Of course, you do not want to rely on angry known benefits to their fishing, but to learn how to use these skills to the company for their own interests. Even if the only thing to give up your own principles to the extent of concessions, you will not waver.

Skills II: the fool

Children in the use of this technique when the following two forms: either pretend they do not understand it, or pretended not to hear. For example a child will gradually increase with the tone said, "What? What? What?!" Finally, the other children and he will not argue. In desperation, they will accept the fact that and the child did not understand.

Just think, if you do not want to deal with someone while blocking all communication with him, how strong this feeling. To give an example of telemarketing. And others are usually some kind of perfunctory dialogue, which is precisely used by telemarketers. Therefore, you should do is to immediately block such communication, methods can be confused and or simply no response. In this way, you eliminate the negotiations will be beneficial to this particular way telemarketers end of any possibility.

Pretend not to hear for such a situation, is that you never worked and the other was. If it is in their own companies to do so, you will think you do not listen to the views of others or lack of sensitivity. Pretend you do not know what the other party to do or say, you can also play at a time when not fully prepared to postpone talks. In this case, that the purpose is to control the time that their own interests.

Tips 3: do self-

Children will not adopt a different role to adapt to the environment. They are more children, no camouflage and cover. And they all know each other, know who was more shy, who more noisy, who like boasting, who say funny jokes, who always has a lot of stuff pocket, etc.. In short, the children have their own strengths and weaknesses. When you know a child, you will know he is a kind of person. They rarely disguised himself into another person.

This capability can help you simplify and speed up the negotiation process, because you do not play the first insight into what role the other side, do not try to get to the bottom of their intrinsic motivation or intention is.

If you can do to keep themselves and make sure that other people believe you are what they seem, then people will believe that it is because of you that matters to progress very smoothly.







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Saturday, January 16, 2010

AoreSoft DVD to PSP Converter


AoreSoft DVD to PSP Converter is the easiest-to-use and fastest DVD to PSP converter software for Apple PSP Movie and PSP Video. It can convert almost all kinds of DVD to PSP Movie / PSP Video format. It is also a powerful DVD to PSP converter due to the conversion speed is faster than real-time. And the output iPos movie/video supports PSP screen, you can enjoy your favorite DVD on your PSP as a portable DVD Player. And AoreSoft DVD to PSP Converter software also include AoreSoft PSP Movie/Video Converter for free. Now you can get this DVD to PSP Converter at a very competitive price!